Violence in the Suburbs of Paris Essay -- Comparative, La Haine, Tea i

Despair in Tea in the Harem and La HaineThe film La Haine and the book Tea in the Harem both take place in the suburbs of Paris, a place where brutality reigns and hope perishes. La Haine focuses on the lives of trinity young men, Vinz, Said, and Hubert, while Tea in the Harem looks closely at two men, Majid and Pat. All these characters are deeply troubled, involved in drugs and worshippers of alcohol. They are rough, given over to violence. Their lives are burdened by despondency, and hopelessness guides them and those around them. In fact, both the book and the film heavily explore the theme of despair. Despair is portrayed as a ruiner as it crushes, condemns, and kills. It causes women to sell their bodies and men to turn to drink. There is little escape from this crushing force. Education and friendship present themselves as rescuers, save most characters in La Haine and Tea in the Harem choose instead to turn to vices, like drugs and sex. This only adds to the anguish in th e suburbs though. In the end, this hertz of sex, drugs, violence, and despair overwhelms the characters and causes them to capitulate to a destructive, depression-filled life. The end of Tea in the Harem, however, isnt entirely devoid of optimism. For Pat and Majid, friendship competency just offer them enough perkiness to survive. For the characters in La Haine though, all looks grim. The amount of violence prevalent in the suburbs of Paris is never glossed over in La Haine and Tea in the Harem. In Tea in the Harem, one of the first images presented to the reader is of the older residents of the neighborhood buying dogs and training them to sic any intimidating figures, including youths. La Haine ends and begins with a gunshot. The occupants of t... ...s blase and turns to violence or drink or sex or drugs to relieve the pain. After his short vacation, he wakes up and sees hes still in the banlieues. Hes still unhappy, hes still desperate. The cycle repeats itself again and a gain, and death looks sweeter and sweeter. The despair settles, and happiness becomes an impossible ideal. In La Haine, this despair leads to death and more violence. Tea in the Harem, however, offers one slight redemption friendship. At the end of the book, Majid gets arrested, and Pat manages to get away. As the cop car with Majid drives up the road, though, Pat emerges and hands himself over to the police. Although these two men are surrounded by heartache, they find some promise in each other, and this just might be their final escape. For the rest of the residents of the suburbs of Paris, though, despair will haunt them and linger.

V5 Neuropsychology,Patient Impact And Family Considerations :: Biology Biological Research Papers

V5 Neuropsychology,Patient Impact And Family ConsiderationsNeuropsychologyAfter an individual(a) damages the MT/v5 area of the occipital lobe, it can be very beneficial for the individual to go through neuropsychological evaluations to assess their perceptual and cognitive abilities post-trauma or surgery. A Neuropsychologist determines what tests are appropriate to adequately identify the extent of the cognitive and behavioural consequential effects associated with the damage sustained by the MT/v5 area. In the specimen of SF, the epileptic mentioned earlier by (Nawrot et al, 2000), SF had a series of motion cognizance test administered to determine the effects of her surgery. In the case of SF, pre and post-surgery tests were given to measure how the removal of the lesion in the MT+ area of her occipital lobe effected her perceptual abilities. The random dot cinematograms (RDC) test, was selected to measure SF perception and the consequential effects of damage sustain ed to her occipital lobe areas. After these tests were administered, the Neuropsychologist is able to rank the patients test score against the mean loads that represent normal performance range. In the case of SF, the perception tests were able to show the amount of time it took for her MT/v5 area to adapt to its new conditions. The Neuropsychologist therefore compares SFs perceptual performance to her pre-surgery ranges. These results helped (Nawrot et al, 2000) suggest that either dendritic sprouting or the opposite hemisphere compensation occurred in order to compensate for damage of SF MT/v5 area. The importance of these tests, are to help the Neuropsychologist determine the necessary steps needed for the rehabilitation of the patient. In the case of SF, these results helped conclude that the removal of lesion in the MT to foreshorten her seizures was worth it. The amount of seizures was greatly reduced post surgery and the visual and perceptual deficits experienced by S F after the surgery were short lived.Another example of the types of tests used by Neuropsychologist to identify the effects of head trauma, are illustrated in the case study of BC, a 45 year old women with visual-perceptual deficits. (Vaina et al, 2002, p. 465) The Performance give away of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) was administered by the Neuropsychologist to assess BCs perceptual and cognitive abilities. Three tests in the Performance IQ set were administered, Picture Completion, Block Design, and Object

George Orwells 1984 and Today Essay -- Television 1984 Freedom Essays

George Orwells 1984 and Today TV rots the senses in the headIt kills the imagination deadIt clogs and clutters up the mindIt makes a child so dull and blind.He can no longer understand a fantasy,A fairylandHis brain becomes as soft as cheeseHis powers of mentation rust and freeze An excerpt from Charlie and the Chocolate Factory,By Roald Dahl, 1964 When George Orwells epic novel 1984 was published in 1949 it opened the publics imagination to a future world where privacy and freedom had no meaning. The year 1984 has come and gone and we generally believe ourselves to still live in The Land of the set d suffer however, as we now move into the 21st Century changes brought about by recent advances in technology wee changed the way we live forever. Although these new developments direct seamed to make everyday life more enjoyable, we must be cautious of the dangers that lie behind them for it is very possible that we are in feature living in a world more similar to that of 19 84 than we would like to imagine.In 1949 when Orwells novel was published, boob tube was a relatively new invention. less than 10% of the United States households had a television set in them and at this time programming was limited to mainly news-oriented shows. Many people believed that television would never surpass radio as the chief means of mass communication they could not shake up been more incorrect.Presently 98% of the households in the United States have one or more televisions in them. What once was regarded as a luxury item has become a staple appliance of the American household. asleep(p) are the days of the three channel black and white programming of the early years that has been replaced by digital flat screen televisions connected to broadcast programming capable of receiving thousands of channels from around the world. Although televisions and television programming today differ from those of the telescreens in Orwells 1984, we are beginning to realize that t he effects of television viewing may be the same as those of the telescreens. The telescreens in 1984 served two purposes, surveillance and mind control. Unlike the televisions of our present day, the telescreens in 1984 also served as a device constantly monitoring the citizens actions by means of an integrated camera and microphone in addition to broadcasting continuous p... ...her say to us No, Im sorry I cant do that right now, Im watching my show. Americans have ceased to live their own lives and have practically become slaves to their televisions and the corporations that stand behind them. Unlike the citizens of Oceania, we are able to make our own decisions. We can turn off our televisions we can live our own lives and make our own experiences. We can learn about and do practically anything we want. Most of us do not take advantage of this freedom. In cardinal years when my generation has become grandparents, what stories will we have to tell our grandkids? Will they trul y want to hear about that episode of Friends that we loved so some(prenominal)? Will we really have any knowledge or experiences worthwhile to tell them? Perhaps it wont even matter. Perhaps our grandkids will be too interested in what they are watching on television to even want to listen to us. Yes we live in the Land of the Free, but until we really start taking advantage our freedom to the fullest and pull ourselves away from the television we are no better off than the citizens of Oceania and the telescreens that surround them as they toil on in their non-eventful lives.

Language, Action and Time in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay

Language, motion and Time in Waiting for Godot Twenty-two hundred years before the emergence of the battlefield of the Absurd, the Greek philosopher Artistotle stumbled upon one of the themes developed in Samuel Becketts play Waiting for Godot that is, that Thought (Dianoia) is expressed through choice of words and that Thought (Theoria) is in itself a form of Action (Energeia). Intellectual action is thus measured equ entirelyy in comparison to physical action. Over the centuries, theories regarding thought, action and language have evolved considerably, but certain key themes in Becketts unconventional work can trace their origins back to Aristotles original concepts concerning drama, namely the relationships between language, thought and the action involved in contemplation. Aristotle proposes that Thought and Diction imitate Action. In Becketts Waiting for Godot, it is possible to see a similar pattern (that when taken a step further is no longer one-dimensional but circular ), in which Language permits the existence of Thought which in turn becomes vicarious Action. (Ironically, this whole process which is portrayed by Beckett on-stage is equivalent to the art of business firm itself which, manifested through language, permits the audience offstage, whose witnessing of a play replaces imagining it, to undergo the same process in acting vicariously through the characters.) The first and more interesting incision of the process is best illustrated by the ending of both acts when Vladimir, and then Estragon, says Yes, lets go and the stage directions indicate They do not move. It suffices simply to say and later to think of leaving, for there is no more meaning in the vicarious action than in its actual physical manifestation. ... ... Vladimir who comments about the condition of Estragons feet Theres man all over for you, blaming on his boots the faults of his feet. The boots represent god, for each is an external object that man contrives to harbor himself. Beckett is saying that man should not blame the devices that he creates when they fail to protect him from himself, but should rather accept the responsibility for their failure as he is the creator of those devices. If god does not fill mans existential void, instead of hopelessly postponement for that unreliable god to come and rescue him, he should consider looking to himself to resolve the problem of the meaninglessness of his life. Bibliography Aristotle. Poetics. Tr. S.H. Butler. New York Hill and Wang, 1977 Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. New York woodlet Press, 1954 Durozoi, Grald. Beckett. Paris Bordas, 1972

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay: Use of Symbols and Symbolism :: Kill Mockingbird essays

Use of Symbolism in To Kill a Mockingbird   It is quite broad that some characters names in To Kill a Mockingbird are implicitly symbolic. Scout, for example, like the familiar military scouts who were dispatched from the main body to gather information, is a seeker, scouting out new areas of experience. Additionally, Atticuss name is a reference to the district Attica of ancient Greece in which Athens was located. In some way Atticuss rational sexual climax to life is similar to that of ancient philosophers, especially the Stoics The four cardinal virtues of the Stoic philosophy are wisdom, courage, besidesice and temperance. All people are manifestations of the one comprehensive spirit and should, according to the Stoics, love and help another, regardless of rank and wealth (Encarta Encyclopedia). Atticus is the main character who serves these four virtues, justice, wisdom, courage and temperance in the story, just like the ancient philosophers of Athens did. As a lawyer he is a faithful servant of justice for all people, black or white. His wisdom lies not in his education but in the way he raises his children and his knowledge of peoples attitude. For him courage is Mrs Duboses effort to break from morphine. He says to Jem the day she died I treasured to show you what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre licked in front you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what (118). From his point of view, Atticus showed his courage when he accepted the Tom Robinson vitrine even though he knew beforehand that it was a lost battle. And, finally, the reader knows he believes in temperance when he advises Scout and Jem not to get carried away by peoples provocation, and sets the example when he does not react to Bob Ewells threats. Therefore it becomes evident that Atticus could easily be considered a Stoic as he made their philosophy his way of livi ng. He could be a citizen of ancient Attica as his name implies. Another symbol in the story is Jems broken sleeve as well as Scouts ham costume. It has been mentioned that Atticus did not expect Jem to be so greatly affected by the events of the trial. Scout was more probable to be influenced because she was younger.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay: Use of Symbols and Symbolism :: Kill Mockingbird essays

Use of Symbolism in To Kill a Mockingbird   It is preferably noticeable that some characters names in To Kill a Mockingbird are implicitly symbolic. Scout, for example, like the familiar military scouts who were dispatched from the main body to converge information, is a seeker, scouting out new areas of experience. Additionally, Atticuss name is a reference to the district Attica of ancient Greece in which Athens was located. In some way Atticuss judicious approach to life is similar to that of ancient philosophers, especially the Stoics The four cardinal virtues of the Stoic philosophy are wisdom, courage, justice and temperance. All people are manifestations of the adept universal spirit and should, according to the Stoics, love and help another, regardless of rank and wealth (Encarta Encyclopedia). Atticus is the main character who serves these four virtues, justice, wisdom, courage and temperance in the story, just like the ancient philosophers of Athens did. As a lawyer he is a faithful servant of justice for all people, black or white. His wisdom lies not in his education but in the way he raises his children and his knowledge of peoples attitude. For him courage is Mrs Duboses effort to break from morphine. He says to Jem the day she died I wanted to show you what real courage is, instead of conk outting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre beat before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what (118). From his point of view, Atticus showed his courage when he accepted the turkey cock Robinson case even though he knew beforehand that it was a lost battle. And, finally, the reader knows he believes in temperance when he advises Scout and Jem not to get carried away by peoples provocation, and sets the example when he does not react to Bob Ewells threats. Therefore it becomes evident that Atticus could easily be considered a Stoic as he made their philosophy his way of living. He could be a citizen of ancient Attica as his name implies. Another symbol in the story is Jems scurvy arm as well as Scouts ham costume. It has been mentioned that Atticus did not expect Jem to be so greatly affected by the events of the trial. Scout was more(prenominal) likely to be influenced because she was younger.

History of Musical Films Essay

By 1928, Hollywood was invaded by sound theater. Silent films made an honorable exit. Vaudeville was also be wiped out. It signaled a phenomenon Tinseltown was not quite prep ard for. It was the time of sound facilities and infrastructures. Later on Broadway composers were hired to write block out musicals (Hi bilgewater of Musical Film, 2004). The first of all picture to make a transition from silent film to sound was Warner Bros. 1927 The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson who mostly did the singing in the celluloid (Musical Film, 2006).One MGM musical smash-up opened the doors to the musical film genre. This was the 1929 Broadway Melody with a score by Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed. The story was about two sisters fighting over their love of a song and dance man. It cost $379,000. 00 and grossed for $1. 6 million in its first release. Its title job is You Were Meant for Me. It was the first sound film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture. MGMs production chief Irving T halberg was credited for bringing in a take out of musical hits since Broadway Melody. (History of Musical Film 1927-1930 instigate II, 2004).Love Parade from Paramount followed on the same year by silent screen director Ernst Lubitch. It is a lighthearted operetta inspired by Broadway to fit the screen starring soprano Jean Macdonald as a young royalty and Maurice Chevalier as the French playboy diplomat. (History of Musical Film 1927-1930 Part II, 2004). The mid-thirties, mid-forties, and 1950s were considered the golden age of musical films. Following are some of the popular musical films Hollywood Revue of 1929 with Joan Crawford from MGM, Cecil B. Demilles Madam Satan (1930). 932 mid-Depression saw the making of Love Me Tonight, a collaboration of Richard Rogers, Lorenz stag, and director Rouben Mamoulian. Rogers and Hart continued with Hallelujah, Im a Bum (1933) with Al Jolson. (History of Musical Film 1930s Part I, 2003).Forty Second bridle-path by dance Broadway direct or Busby Berkeley choreographed the dance sequences while composer Harry Warren and lyricist Al Dublin created the score. It was a million dollar hit for a $400,000 production. It was followed by Footlight Parade (1933), The Gold Diggers (1933) and Hollywood Hotel (1937). History of Musical Film 1930s Part II 2004). Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers entered the musical scene in 1933 through Flying Down to Rio, The Gay Divorcee (1934), Top Hat (1935) with a score by Irving Berlin. It was also the time of Shirley Temple in movies such(prenominal) as Stand Up and Cheer (1934), The Little Colonel (1935), among others. Disney produced Fantasia (1940). MGM revived its musical genre with the release of The Merry Widow (1934) (History of Musical Film 1930s Part IV 2004). The 1940s saw Warner Brothers Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942) with James Cagney in his Oscar-winning performance.Then independent producer Samuel Goldwyn found Danny Kaye and made Up in Arms (1944, Wonder Man (1945), among others. It was also the time of Bing Crosby (Road Series, Going My Way, Holiday Inn) and Bob Hope (History of Musical Film Screen 1940s Part I 2003). Judy Garland starred in Little Nellie Kelly (1940), Ziegfeld Girl (1941), Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) directed by Vincente Minneli, her future husband. She appeared in sixteen MGM musicals. element Kelley also was a big MGM star in musical movies like For Me and My Gal (1942), On the Town (1949), among others (History of Musical Film 1940s Part III 2004).The 1950s was the decline of the musical film genre and the emergence of television. Some of the musicals produced from 20th Century Fox were Richard Rodgers & Oscar Hammerstein IIs. Oklahoma (1955), Carousel (1956), mightiness and I (1956). South Pacific (1958). Warner Brothers released some Doris Day films, Love Me or Leave Me (1955), The Pajama Game (1957). Paramount produced What Christmas (1954) while Walt Disney released musical animations such as Cinderella, Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan, Sleeping Beauty. MGM released Kiss Me Kate (1953) and High Society (1956) (History of Musical Film Screen 1950s, 2003).

How Did Men Deal with the Stress of World War II Essay

The iconic thousand-yard stare, a far-off, unfoc utilize gaze characteristic of soldiers who had succumbed to the trauma of war by dissociating from it, emerged with its name through the chilling photos of soldiers who were oertaken by these symptoms in the wake of World War II. Its no perplexity that war takes a toll on the psyche of wholly those affected by it. Given the brutality and scope of World War II, which began moreover 21 years after World War II (a war that had already despoiled the landscape and people of Europe leaving high estim takes of the death toll at 65 million deaths), civilians and soldiers a comparable were engulfed in total war.As Hitler and the Nazis ideology was based on A War of Extermination fueled by a racial ideology that sought for the ethnic cleansing and complete reengineering of the friendly population of Europe, the massive amount of Soviet soldiers that perished as they were thrown wave after wave in order to slow the Nazi war machine, and the ecumenic cruelty that was apparent in this war, soldiers upon soldiers grew appalled by the nature of the war.As one soldier confesses in The Italian Job, After three months, it was demoralizing it was all(prenominal) night, e genuinely night everybody was hunting Germans, everybody was out to kill some(prenominal)body we was insane We did become like animals in the end Yes, just like rats It was far worse than the desert. You were stuck in the same place. You had nowhere to go. You didnt get no rest, like in the desert. No sleep You never expected to see the end of it. You just forgot why you were in that location (Addison 208).Often times, the amount of effort put into it and the lives sacrificed seemed to far outweigh the benefits reaped from both Gottlob Herbert Bidderman, a German soldier that was present on the Eastern precedent reflected on the insignificance of twelve kilometers twelve kilometersin an endless land, where unbroken fields stretched to the horizon before u s from sunrise to sunset. I wondered how some(prenominal) more twelve-kilometer battles deposit ahead of us during our march a trend from the setting sun (Bidderman 23).However, like anything that people are overexposed to, these men slowly grew accustomed to and desensitized to the trocities and horrors of the war. Human cosmoss are of course adaptive beings and history has shown time and time again that they do what is needed in order to survive. It would be simplistic to classify each of the nations and their armies as being uniform in their coping with the war due to the specific nature of some of the problems and solutions that emerged from belonging to that particular nation (such as the Soviets reveling in their loyalty and the cult-like adoration of Stalin and the Nazis racial ideology being one that ensured in their mind their victory), but many men, regardless of their affiliation, handled the war similarly.Some treated the time on these fronts as a long extended work day, disassociating from the acts they committed and the sights they witnessed as simply being a part of a concern. Others turned to their families away from foot br some others and sisters, who through their crude experiences, pains, and moments of hope, stood together in solidarity. Others turned to the bottom of a bottle to ease the pain while others turned instead upwards to a higher power, or at the very least began to frequent religious services.Those who were non willing to look quite so loftily turned to their superiors and leaders for guidance and braveness while in the case of the Soviet soldiers, glanced fearfully backwards as the higher-ups pushed them forward to their death. Far away from home and under harsh conditions, food and other chanced upon provisions and commodities would often serve as a best to moral. Due to the sheer breadth of stress embodied in being a soldier in any front during WWII, soldiers dealt with the immense hold out in varying ways in orde r to keep intact their humanity, or at the very least, keep their sanity so that they could ensure their survival.There is a perception held by many idealistic, young men that war is a somewhat alike to a noble crusade. However, in that respect is the reality is a good deal more analogous, to as one German soldier put it this is ten times worse than pit (Grossman 151). A scene from the Italian Job details this hell some (too many, far too many) were carried in dying, with gross combinations of shattered limbs, protrusions of intestines and brain from great holes in their poor frames torn by 880millimetre shells, mortars and anti-personnel bombs.Some lay quiet and still, with legs drawn up penetrating wounds of the abdomen. Some were carried in sitting up on the stretcher, gasping and coughing, knife thrust through the lungs All were exhausted after being under continuous fire, and after lying in the mud for hours and days (Addison 208). As a result, as these idealistic notions were lost, many turned to viewing the entire ordeal as a job. Having suffered through the war for some time, one soldier remarked, Youre flake for the skin in the line. When I was enlisted I was patriotic as hell. Theres no patriotism in the line.A boy up there 60 days in the line is in danger every minute. He aint battle for patriotism (Addison 210). Another soldier enjoyed fighting at dawn as he felt that it was almost as if he was heading off to work at the factory. Rather than consciously intellection of all of the horrors that they were witnessing on a daily basis and focusing on the fact that they could die at any moment, the concept of just doing a job provided a blanket under which these men sought to maintain control of their humanity by separating their psyches from the appalling state of being they were in.A man in an earlier war who was quoted in Addisons book stated that whatever its size a mans world was his sectionat most, his platoon all that mattered to him was the one little boatload of castaways with whom he was marooned on a desert island making shift to keep off the weather and any fulminant attacks by wild beast (Addison 211). Away from their families and friends, immersed in a bloody war where hundreds upon thousands of people could die in a skirmish or battle, these soldiers could only count on each other to truly understand the situation they were currently in.Beaten and battered together, having lost many of the same friends, triumphed momentarily, or pull back hastily, this mutual understanding gave way to a support group a family who soldiers could lean upon and secure their well being. Of this, Bidermann wrote, Our thoughts were constantly occupied by the tenuous if not hopeless situation in which we found ourselves. We received solace only in our numbers and in being with comrades with whom we had shared so many experiences over the weeks, months, and years (Bidermann 266).Repeatedly throughout the 3 readings, there is ment ion of men, whether they in the heat of battle or relaxing with company, being drunk. Its no surprise as alcohol has been a means by which men have coped with their problems for thousands of years. If the problems wont go away, the solution for some has been to drink until those problems do not register as problems anymore. As such, Holmes renowned headaches were almost universal in a theatre of war where wine and brandy were readily available (Addison 212). Grossman ctually talks slightly how his battalion ruleer Kozlov, in the midst of battle, withstood an attack of tanks.He was on great form and completely drunk. The tanks were thrown back in a spanking fashion (Grossman 103). As religion has functioned as a form of comfort since the inception of civilization and the birth of religion, it was only natural for men living in depravity to come to it to relieve them of some of their burden. Subsequently, the men of the clergy were often instrumental to moral and aid. Furthermore, due to the looming possibility of death in war, the mortality of some became that much more apparent.In Bidermanns account, he talks of a divisional chaplain named Satzger who had several times risked his life to recover wounded men. Resulting from men of the cloth like Satzger and with death looming, many of the soldiers who had not been so inclined began to attend religious services For far too many the chaplain would offer the come through voice of reassurance and the last vestige of comfort before they, too, succumbed to mortal wounds (Bidermann 25). Another Catholic priest was dubbed the rucksack priest as he carried a field pack from which he provided troops on the front lines with simple food items that had in war become luxuries.While it may have been a spiritual solace that many received at the hands of these men of God, others attended for the sake of having a comforting and helping hand. Its been told that leaders are supposed to lead by example. Caught in chaotic time s, superior officers often functioned as beacons to rally around. In times past, great leaders such as George Washington, Alexander the Great, and Genghis Khan immersed themselves in battles, showing that the best commanders do not directing them from the rear, but rather leading them in the front.A commanding officer by the name of passkey Kendall, turned a shaky company into a passably good one by public displays of sheer guts. Look at me, he verbalise quietly, walking from man to man under fire. They cant hit me. Look at me (Addison 210). Examples like this provided moral boosts to dreary men who needed something authoritative to cling to. Conversely, rather than inspiring by a guiding light of bravery and courage, the Soviets were incentivized onwards by the ever-present detachments behind the troops that would shoot deserters.Grossman describes this in further detail Stalins Order No. 27 Not One Step Back included the instruction to each army command to organise three to f ive well-armed blocking detachments (up to two hundred men each) to form a second line to combat cowardices by shooti ng down any soldier who tried to run away (Grossman 141). As many Soviet soldiers understood the likelihood of their death in squaring off against the Nazis, the desire to flee was understandable. Stalin believed that the posture of the troops would force the Soviet troops to fight even harder. Pushed forwards, the stark realization of soldiers was expressed by Grossman Once you are here, there is no way out.Either you will lose your head or your legs Everyone knows that those who turn and run would be shot on the spot. This was more terrifying than the Germans (Grossman 146). Under the constant strain of needing to ration supplies and consistently cut off from supply lines, soldiers had to make do with their limited resources. Given the treacherous nature of the constant advancement and lack of luxuries, whenever there was time to enjoy the comfort brought by certa in goods that had faded away from recent recollection to distant memories, the time was relished and the goods provided relief to the men.In fact, Bidermann specifically noted several instances where his regiment and he would partake in luxuries that were not available to them by enjoying the spoils of war. Two August was marked by a break in the monotonous field rations, when we boiled freshly dug potatoes in an unnamed Ukrainian village. Obserschutze Fehr had already plucked a chicken, and together with the boiled hen and potatoes we ate peeled cucumbers (Bidermann 24). In another instance, his crew discovered a still-intact collective farm and was able to enjoy hot coffee, schmalzbrot, and sleep in small thatched-roof huts.though seemingly commonplace to us, moments such as these provided brief relief and respite from the horrors of daily life across the theatres, and allowed soldiers to momentarily reflect on how life used to be. Constantly under an onslaught of forces that, if mishandled, could cause a man to lose his mind, soldiers used some, if not all, of the aforementioned forms to provide relief or inspiration in persevering in their struggle. Under pressure, these men had to find whatever means by which to motivate themselves to return safely home, and more so than that, return home as much themselves as before.

Wells Fargo Analysis

MERCK & COMPANY INC.1. The grocerying mix A. Product / Service rise up Fargo is an the Statesn bank that provides monetary operate to its customers throughout northernmost America and Internationally. Our commercializeing mix starts with the description of the service mix of the faithful swell Fargo. This attach to gathers different ranges of run offered to the market place to meet the customers inevitably and forestallations. Wells Fargo counts nine different kinds of bank services to contest in the financial industry.Ranges of services Banking (Debit, assent card, Checking and saving account) * Brokerage (Facilitate the buying and selling of financial securities) * Insurance * Wealth management * Retirement services * Investments * Mortgages (4000 in 2009) * Consumer finance services (financial advice) * Well Fargos Financial Securities Security business (merger advice, stock and tie underwriting, loan syndications, and fixed-income trading) B. Price We do non sedu ce any information about the price of the services in the case study. C. Place Wells Fargo has a wide presence throughout the US territory.Headquartered in San Francisco, the company is decentralized to provide an optimization of the geographical coverage. Therefore, e genuinely local Wells Fargo store is standardised the headquarter for satisfying all their customers. The decentralization is an effective strategy when a company tries to have an effective wide presence on any market. This strategy has do the success of many of the Scandinavian presidential terms or institutions. Indeed, it allows any company, alike(p) Wells Fargo to get closer to its customers and be able to understand and meet better their ineluctably and expectations.As we can chat from the case, the company is doing rise up with its dissemination and the customers service in general, it has even been rewarded Retail banker of the year according to US Banker. Consumers want and urgency a bank office near to the place where they live or where they work. The bank company essential be strongly redeem in the quite spectacular city and in the metropolitan argona where the demand for the financial services is heavy. That is why Wells Fargo has work uped a wide statistical distri thoion, in the US domesticated market, throughout more than 6,700 retail stores in 40 states in widely in North America.The encyclopedism of Wachovia is a diverge of a new distribution strategy to reach more consumers with an extended presence on the market. Now, Wells Fargo has branches almost all the states from the East to the West both in the North and the South. This acquisition has allowed Wells Fargo to extend its presence in the Eastern part of the US, which represents a huge part of the financial market. Indeed, Wachovia had a strong presence in the part of the US oddly in Connecticut, Florida, Virginia, North and South Carolina. 6,700 Banking Stores 3,296 US Wells Fargo Banking stores * 3,314 U S Wachovia Banking stores * 90 Other financial branches Finally, in addition to the classical distribution channel, Wells Fargo use the electronic distribution with its online website where customers can be informed and have an addition to some services like checking accounts, make wire transfer, produce a rendezvous with a financial adviser D. Positioning Without information about promotion, we chose to develop a part about piazzaing that is, in fact, a sub part of the promotion.In marketing, positioning is the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market. Positioning on the international market with a presence in Canada, in the Caribbean, Latin America and other countries, Wells Fargo is especially focused on the US national market. In 2008, after the acquisition Wachovia, a Wells Fargos press release said that the company was the most Extensive Financial Services company, Coast-to-Coast in connection banking. Wells Fargo is widely recognized in the financial industry.The company has built a very credible reputation with its promotional campaigns, its track records and the customer loyalty. The statistics establish on the industry and government sources clearly show its size and brand image * 41st revenue among all US companies ranked by tidy sum * 17th most profitable company in the US * 33rd Largest employer in the US * 18th most respected company in the initiation as ranked by Barrons * AAA credit-rated by Moodys * The only standard & Poors AAA bank in the US * Among the go by 50 companies as ranked by Diversity Retail Banker of the Year according to US Banker * Number-one commercial real estate lender * 18th among the worlds most valuable brands according to the Financial Times Wells Fargo tries to communicate to its customers, how much they ar important for the company, saying that they are the center of everything they do. The mission is now to improve the quality of the services. Indeed, t he company is, according to the CEO, Mr. Kovacevich, enough developed and enough big. The services are now provided with an easy access for the consumers.Now the direction to take is the quality provided We are a big company. We will continue to grow not to become bigger but as a result of getting better Regardless of how big we are and how much territory we cover our team appropriates certain apprizes that hold us unitedly wherever we are and whatever we do. Wells Fargo puts considerable emphasis on its culture in brand image toward the customers. It wants to be known as a financial partner, for outstanding services and sound financial advice, satisfying all of their financial needs and helping them to succeed financially.The company even considers its customers as friends. However, the company, does not only communicates to its customers but also with * Its employees, telling them how much they are important for the company. Indeed, Wells Fargo wants to be known as a company t hat believes in its nation as a competitive receipts over the competition, a great place to work, and as an employer of choice that really care about them * Its communities, promoting the stinting advancement of each partners including those not yet able to be economicalally self-sufficient.Being seen as a community leader in economic development, in services that promotes economic self-sufficiency, education and social services is a necessity. * Its shareholders, insuring them that investing in Wells Fargo will be a great investment with financial results among the broad(a) Fortune 500 and with the Moodys credit-rated of AAA (the richlyest possible one) 2. Customers Analysis and Target food market The Wells Fargos target market gathers more than 25 million customers across the USA, and internationally.Demographically, the firm does not really have a specific target, and wants to provide financial services to all consumers who need either rich people or those who have financi al difficulties. Geographically, the customers are divided up over 40 US states out of the 55. Mostly locate in the metropolitan area, they are concentrated near the cost (both East and West). However, Wells Fargo, let off provide its services in the less dense areas, where people need to have an access to a bank for community banking services.About buyer motivations and expectations, we noticed that customers are looking for efficient, reliable and adapted financial services and advice from the company. They expect good quality services and want from the bank the ability to meet their needs and expectations. Wherever they are, the consumers need to have an easy access to financial services in the bank office and in the Internet as well, where customers check their different bank accounts and transactions. Wells Fargo is specialized in different segments where it is one of the top companies, if it is not the top one.The most important segments are the homeowners, the small busines ses, the agricultural businesses, the debit card users and the prime home equity. In these segments, the company is playing very well, providing good quality services and good customer service which allow the company to constantly increase the customer loyalty, being able to keep its customers from the competitors. However, it does not mean that the others are abandoned. Wells Fargo really tries to emphasis that all customers are important, from the consumer banking over lending to the big institutional client. 3. SWOT ground substanceThe SWOT Matrix is an important matching tool that us to develop four types of strategies for Wells Fargo * The SO (Strengths-opportunities) strategies use a Wells Fargo internal strengths to take advantage of external opportunities. * The WO (Weaknesses-opportunities) strategies aim at improving internal weaknesses by taking advantages of external opportunities. * The ST (Strengths-threats) strategies use a Wells Fargos internal strengths to avoid or reduce the pretend of external threats. * The WT (Weaknesses-threats) strategies are defensive tactics directed at reducing internal weaknesses and avoiding external threatsStrengths 1. Brand Image and Culture and values (ethical behavior) 2. Credibility 3. Statistics base on the industry and the government sources show its size and strength 4. Acquisition of Wachovia extension of the distribution channel and the number of customers 5. Decentralization strategy 6. Strong position in the markets involved in 7. Management 8. Innovation leaders (Internet E-commerce) 9. Market leadership in the West the largest financial institution headquartered in the Western US that has a strong balance sheet and is able to guide through the pitfalls that plagued many of its competitors 10.The new products like the Wells Fargo Securities took from Wachovia securities business 11. Moodys credit rate Aaa (the gameyest possible) Weaknesses 1. descend of the net income and ROA and ROE 2. Limited international presence 3. dreary reputation as a bank since the economic turning point 4. Weakness asset quality among high real estate exposure 5. The Wachovia subprime mortgage problems 6. Overcommitted in credit default swaps 7. High measuring of goodwill ($23 billion) Opportunities 1. Many banks are struggling like Citigroup with negative Operate margin (-57. 9%), Net income ($ -23. 9 Billion), and EPS (-3. 651) 2. Some Banks have recently failed and have been seized by Federal officials like Lehman Brothers Colonial Bank and Guaranty Financial group Delinquency rates on their holdings has soared as high as 40% - Decrease the competition 3. Grow internationally 4. Keep improving the internet uses 5. Develop new products for new businesses SO Strategies WO Strategies 1. Develop new internet applications and services for customers (S8, O4) 2. maturation promotions to attract more customers (S1, S2, O1, O2) 3. Open branches in opposed markets (S1, S3, O3) 4.Get closer to the c ustomers needs and develop loyalty programs (S2, S5, O6) 1. Advertising campaign to reassure the consumers (W3, O1, O6) 2. Open branches in foreign markets (W2, O3) 3. Develop alternative services to diversify the ranges and not focus and mortgages (W4, O5) ST Strategies WT Strategies 1. Develop completive services and use competitive advantages to gain market share (S3, S5, T7) 2. Take advantage of the lack of regulation 3. Develop a strong customer loyalty database (S4, S5, S6, O7, O8) 1. Develop alternative services to diversify the ranges and not focus and mortgages (W4, W1, T4) 2.Charging lower amuse rates to the customers (W1, T1) Threats 1. Continued deterioration in the housing and credit market 2. High unemployment rate 3. Tight credit 4. Many homeowners cannot make mortgage payments 5. The value of houses has dropped the amount borrowed - great problem for owners and banks 6. The lack of regulation today has blurred the product and services bank offers 7. Competition with Bank of America and Citigroup 8. Superregional and International Banks are growing, they all tend to continue globally 9. Assurance rates increase 4. constancy and Competition analysisThe financial industry counted nine main players before the economic crisis in 2008, which meant height potential competitors for Wells Fargo including Bank of America, Citigroup, US Bancorp, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanly, Lehman Brothers, Colonial National and Guaranty Financial Group. The economic recession has eliminated the weak banks that were not doing well enough to outperform the outcomes of the economic crisis, like Lehman Brothers, Colonial Bank and Guaranty Financial Group. Furthermore, an economical selection has been made and only the outstrip banks are still competing on this industry.The industry is currently suffering from the economic recession and all of its outcomes including the deterioration of the housing and credit market, high unemployment rate, and tight credit. That is why many banks, especially the community banks, are struggling and some even have failed, including Colonial National, and Guaranty Financial Group. Moreover some Banks like Citigroup are not performing well by loosing money and market share. Guaranty had more than $3 billion of securities baked by adjustable-rate mortgages.The bank has seen the delinquency rates on holdings soared by 40% before the federal officials seized the bank in August 2009. As we can see from the chart, in term of revenue Wells Fargo is not the best financial service company. Until 2007 Citigroup was the leader in sales but the economic crisis and the recession that have followed this crisis has led to a sharp decrease of its sales. Since 2008, Bank of America is the leader in sales and the stronger competitor for Wells Fargo. However, its sales are fluctuating whereas the Wells Fargos sales show a slow but steady rise.This chart displays the evolution of the net income of the three main companies including Wel ls Fargo, Citigroup, and Bank of America. Wells Fargo was the last company in 2007 before the economic crisis in term of net income. However, we can see that the two competitors are not doing well enough to keep being competitive, especially Citigroup, which had a decrease of 210. 7%. All of the companies have seen its net income decreased but Wells Fargo has the slightest decrease which allow it the to have the highest net income in 2009 and shows by the way its subject to overcome though situations. 5.Type of strategies Wells Fargo shows the desire to take part in the top financial companies in the domestic market. This is one element from their long-term strategies. This desire to compete with the market leaders such as Bank of America represent the results expected from act certain strategies. According to this case, we can say that Wells Fargo is pursuing a market development and market discernment strategy, introducing present services into new geographic areas. This strate gy, has particularly led to the acquisition of Wachovia and the extension of the Wells Fargos presence to the Eastern US.This market development strategy has required intensive effort for Wells Fargo in terms of investment and management. This strategy basically involves introducing present products or services into new geographical areas. Here by acquiring Wachovia, Wells Fargo can use a strong presence through the Wachovias distribution. The firms competitive position was clearly to improve compared to the market leaders. However, the company was rather successful at what it does before the acquisition, which was a primordial former prior to such acquisition.Then but not least, it already had the needed capital and management quality to manage the expended operations. With this acquisition, the firm has a huge distribution capacity throughout all of the Wachovias bank offices and retail stores. Combined with the strategy of decentralization, this will allow them to reach more con sumers and increase the productivity. The year 2009 shows a cursorily preview about what the firm can achieve in the next years. The acquisitions or mergers are two commonly used ways to pursue strategies like market development or more generally intensive strategies including, market acuteness and product development.The market penetration consists in increasing market share for present products or services in present markets through greater marketing efforts (increase number of salespersons, advertising expenditures, promotion, and publicity efforts). Then, the product development strategy seeks increase sales by improving or modifying existent products or services (it entails large research and development expenditures). A merger occurs when two organizations of about make up size unite to form one enterprise. That is what often happened in the Wells Fargos history and what helped the firm to grow faster and reach the size the firm had in 2008.On the other hand, an acquisition occurs when a large organization like Wells Fargo purchases a smaller firm or a firm not doing well, like Wachovia. By acquiring Wachovia, Wells Fargo has realized some major benefits * Provide improved capacity utilization * To gain access to new customers and products 6. post Matrix The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix, is a marketing tool used to help the company to define the best strategy to develop according to its internal strategic position (Financial Position and Competitive Position) and the external strategic position ( stability Position and Industry Position).The four quadrants of the Matrix indicate whether aggressive, conservative, defensive, or competitive strategies are most appropriate according the characteristics of the company and its industry. Financial Position * The banks return on asset is 0. 44 (decrease of 72%) but superior of all competitors * The Banks Net income was 3. 58 Billion (increase of 28%) and superior of all competitors * The Banks revenue was 42. 84 Billion (increase of 1. 51%) compared to the industry average of 7. 98 Billion * The Banks earning per share 0. 912, over the main competitors and over the average industry (0. 91) amount Rating465520Industry Position * Deregulation provides geographic and service freedom * Deregulation increases competition in the banking industry * Economic recession * Growth potential * Financial Stability Total 4213410 Stability Position * Banking deregulation has created instability throughout the industry * Less-developed countries are experiencing high inflation and political instability * The barriers to entry into the market is high * The competitive pressure is highTotal -4-4-2-4-14 Competitive Position * The bank provides financial services through 6700 offices and retails stores in 40 states * Superregional banks, international banks are becoming increasingly competitive * The bank has a large customer base * Customer loyalty Total -1-5-2-2-10According to the SPACE Matrix, Wells Fargo presents an aggressive profile. The company is financially elegant strong, has some competitive advantages in a rather stable industry. The Wachovia acquisition is a great operation following the product development or market penetration strategy. 7. external Factor Evaluation Matrix (EFE) Regardless of the number of key opportunities and threats included in EFE Matrix, the highest possible total weighted strike out for an organization is 4. 0 and the lowest is 1. 0, and the average total weighted score is 2. 5. An organization with 4. 0 total weighted score is responding in an outstanding way to alert opportunities and threats in its industry.It mode, the firms strategies effectively take advantage of existing opportunities and minimize the potential adverse effects of external threats. Key External Factors pack Rating Weighted Score Opportunities * Many banks are struggling like Citigroup with negative Operate margin (-57. 9%), Net income ($ -23 . 79 Billion), and EPS (-3. 651) * Some Banks have recently failed and have been seized by Federal officials like Lehman Brothers Colonial Bank and Guaranty Financial group Delinquency rates on their holdings has soared as high as 40% * Grow internationallyKeep improving the internet uses * Develop new products for new businesses * New customers in the Eastern US financial market 0. 090. 120. 050. 040. 070. 11 342423 0. 270. 480. 100. 160. 140. 3 Threats * Continued deterioration in credit market * High unemployment rate * Tight credit * Many homeowners cannot make mortgage payments * The value of houses has dropped the amount borrowed * The lack of regulation today has blurred the product and services bank offers * Competition with Bank of America and Citigroup * Superregional and International Banks are growing, they all tend to expand globallyIncrease in insurance rates 0. 100. 030. 070. 050. 110. 060. 050. 030. 02 222323423 0. 200. 060. 140. 150. 220. 180. 200. 060. 06 Total 1 . 00 2. 80 Here we can note that the total weighted score is of 2. 80 is above the average of 2. 5, which means Wells Fargo is doing pretty well in the Financial industry, taking advantage of the external opportunities like the bad shape of the competitors and also containing the threats facing the firm like the competition with Bank of America. Of course, the firm could do better, improving its strategies to respond in better way to the threats and get a higher total weighted score close to 4. 0.According to the case, Wells Fargo should expand more its activities on the international market, and develop new financial products and services to be more attractive and competitive. Moreover, the firm must find solutions to overcome the bad state of the economy and its outcomes. 8. C. Internal Factor Evaluation Matrix This strategy-formulation tool summarizes and evaluates the major strengths and weaknesses in the functional areas of business. Like in the EFE Matrix, the total weighted score can range from a low of 1. 0 to a high of 4. 0 with an average score being 2. 5. Total weighted scores well below 2. 5 characterize organizations that are weak internationally whereas scores significantly above 2. 5 indicate a strong internal position. Key External Factors Weight Rating Weighted ScoreStrengths * Brand Image and Culture and values (ethical behavior) * Credibility Statistics based on the industry and the government sources show its size and strength * Acquisition of Wachovia extend the distribution channel and the number of customers * Decentralization strategy * Management * Innovation leadership (Internet E-commerce) * Market leadership in the West the largest financial institution headquartered in the Western US that has a strong balance sheet and is able to steer through the pitfalls that plagued many of its competitors * Moodys credit rate Aaa (the highest possible) 0. 070. 090. 110. 100. 060. 040. 090. 04 44443343 0. 280. 360. 440. 360. 180. 120. 360. 2Wea knesses * Decrease of the net income and ROA and ROE * Limited international presence * Bad reputation as a bank since the economic recession * Weakness asset quality among high real estate exposure * The Wachovia subprime mortgage problems * Wachovia is overcommitted in credit default swaps 0. 080. 060. 080. 060. 070. 05 212212 0. 160. 060. 160. 120. 070. 10 Total 1. 00 2. 89 The IFE Matrix provides important for strategy formulation. With a total weighted score of 2. 89, we can say Wells Fargo has a pretty strong position in the financial industry and can expect to become stronger and stronger because the firm knows how to create competitive advantages and how to use its strengths. 9.IE Matrix The IE Matrix is based on two key dimensions the IFE total weighted scores on x-axis and the EFE weighted scores on the y-axis. The Internal External Matrix inputs are the EFE and IFE total weighted scores. As the EFE Matrix and the IFE Matrix have shown, Wells Fargo had 2. 89 for EFE and 2. 80 for IFE. In the IE Matrix, we can see the red dot represents Wells Fargos position on the Matrix. It is in the V cell, which suggests that Wells Fargo should use a hold and maintain strategy consisting of the Market Penetration and Product Development strategies it should the most efficient strategy for the firm after the stage of the acquisition.However, the firm is very close to the cell I, II, and IV, which means the companys situation can be descried as slow growth and build and where intensive strategies would be the most adaptable like market penetration and market development. 10. Grand strategy Mix The Grand strategy matrix is based on two evaluative dimensions competition position and market growth. Wells Fargo is located in the Quadrant I of this Matrix, which means that it is in a rather excellent strategic position. Therefore, continued concentration on current markets (market penetration and market development) and products (product development) is an appropriate strategy. We can notice that a notable shift from its established competitive advantages would be unwise. Rapid Market Growth Quadrant I Quadrant II Strong Competitive Position Weak Competition Position Slow Market Growth Quadrant IV Quadrant tercet

La Estancia Resort Automated Billing and Reservation System Essay

Lolini Balitaan started her production line in the year 1998, located at Bayanan II, Calapan City the La Estancia Resort. She built this communication channel because it is her dream to have a resort and to share this paradise resort to other to get another income. But since she was licking in other body politic her resort was being manage by her sister Azalea Jimenez from the start since this resort was opened for clients. Their resort becomes popular especi completelyy during summer. As time goes by their business grow, every year they are improving their cottages and pools, they also offer reservation in cottages and selling drinks. Now the resort is successful but yet theyre using a manual paying and reservation process. IntroductionToday, we are in the generation of high applied science wherever you go, you leave behind find techno lumbery rearing its face. These advances have brought both good and evil to the professional especially in business.In resort, technology is v ery important especially in pull together data and computer science the services that customers going to pay.Manual operation consumes a lot of time and resort needs to records teaching about their customers for their entrance. The receptionist will defend a lot of effort in physical composition information about customer. It is hard to records information when the customers is in a hurry due to their excitement though they are responsible in giving information to resort, also in searching the title of customer, it is easy to search manually on book thename of customer already enter in resort. The automated brass will lessen the work load, because of the database that will store all data about customers and the deliberation of the services they consumed.La Estancia Resort on Bayanan II, Calapan City is currently using the manual log book system. So the prop starnts provided a study for it to be reborn into automated.Automated Billing and Reservation System for La Estancia Resort system will take the customers information and give the total computations. The system will provide an easy way of inputting information, searching and convenience in computing.At the end of the study, by the aid of user-friendly system operation of the log book will be improved. Fast assistance of customers will be provided.Statement of the ProblemThe current manual operation of the La Estancia Resort view many problems. First, the resort has a scattered list of customers log, second is the time spending in recording information about customers they consume too much writing records and information in a book. Third is the calculating of total payment for the rents in cottages and the entrance fee especially when there is a reservations they computing it in by listing the amounts and calculating it through calculator.Significance of the StudyThis study is designed to help customer, especially the owner/manager who is the one responsible for the managing system. It is expecte d that this program will be efficient and effective in recording customer information. It will be also beneficial to the following Manager. The work of the manager will become more accurate and efficient with the use of the proposed system. Receptionist. The system will help them save and convenience in the recording the adit and exit of the customer especially in computing their entrance fee and rented cottages.Customer. It will fully help them compare to the manual operation, it reduces time in writing manually the formation about them. Developers. They will benefit on this study in the sense that they can get more knowledge and further appreciation in designing and developing systems. Future Researchers. This study will help as a referenceto the next developers. The hardships on gathering data will be lessen. They can also easily know what further improvement they can make in this study.Objectives of the StudyGeneral ObjectiveThe main prey of this study is to develop a well-or ganized Billing and Reservation System for the staff of La Estancia Resort. This study aims to make the staff at ease for viewing and managing information about cottage reservation, customers billing and also provide faster processing regarding reservation and computation.Specific ObjectivesSpend less time in recording of customers entrance informationSave time for searching customers informationProvide an easier, faster and secure records of all the customersCalculate the total amount of customers rent in cottagesServe customers better.Conceptual ModelEntity Relational Model (ERD)Functionality of the SystemThe function of the system is to have a database to store all information about the customers like their names, rents, for reservations and date where they entered in the resort. The system has an interface to a register the customers information but the manager and the receptionist who is the one that has an access of this system, they are the persons who can use the advance opt ion which is the Add, Edit, Delete and Search Button. The system will provide a user-friendly interface so the user can easily use it.

Case Study of a Drug Addict

CED 322 Case Study In the case of the 46 year-old female client, I would begin my assessment of her by attempting to relieve her current order of anxiety. My first goal would be to allow her to feel safe and comfortable when she enters my office. I want her to know that my office is a safe haven from anything that causes her to relapse. In addition, by congratulating her decision to seek preaching I can make early strides in developing trust and rapport from the start.Once the client and I swing just about time reviewing her life story, I would ask her to complete the SASSI-3 to give me a well balanced perspective of her overall struggle with cocaine and heroin abuse. Although Ive been given some background information on the clients previous history of abuse, I feel that the SASSI-3 can give me some insight to habits and traits she developed from her family and lifestyle growing up. Since I have some information about her early use of alcohol, I would also administer a MAST wh ich could give me some insight on her dependency with alcohol.I would be able to better understand how alcohol plays a role in her use of heroin and cocaine. Once I can determine how they correlate I can then accurately diagnose her and lead to a more successful treatment strategy. From the current information I would diagnose this client with Cocaine and Opioid- Induced Mood Disorder (292. 84). The client reports that she relapses when she has a desire to feel numb which tells us her emotions and feelings are primary factors that influence her addictive behavior.Also, her addiction is so severe that she claims that she uses at times for no reason at all. Since she is remorseful and fearful of her life, I feel that she is searching for the right treatment to rid herself of this life threatening addiction. She has the desire to change but is in need of the will to change. I would guidance on her everyday routine, eliminating the parts of her day that involve thoughts or ideas that l ead to using heroin and cocaine. I would recommend that she use the 12 step programme and group therapy as new ways to guide her towards recovery.Since she using these substances in private, I feel she could possibly benefit from others who know and feel the same struggles as she does. This would allow her to not feel alone in her recovery and bring a sense of accountability to prevent from relapse. I would monitor her progress in the 12 step program and encourage her to patiently complete each step. Im basing my treatment strategy on trust. In order to glide by her fear and anxiety along with her addiction through these screens and methods, she must be willing to trust herself at all times.